Hypertension can lead to which of the following complications?

Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is a significant risk factor for various serious health complications, and heart disease is one of the primary concerns associated with this condition. When blood pressure remains elevated over time, it places additional stress on the heart and blood vessels. This can lead to a range of cardiovascular issues, including heart attacks, heart failure, and arrhythmias. The persistent pressure can cause the heart to work harder than normal, resulting in hypertrophy (thickening) of the heart muscle, which can ultimately compromise its effectiveness.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe outcomes associated with hypertension. Increased energy levels, improved kidney function, and decreased cholesterol levels are not known effects of high blood pressure. In fact, hypertension can lead to kidney damage and increased cholesterol levels due to its impact on the vascular system and overall health. Thus, heart disease is a well-established direct consequence of prolonged hypertension, making it the correct choice in this context.