What may result from an inadequate supply of essential nutrients in the diet?

An inadequate supply of essential nutrients in the diet leads to malnutrition, which encompasses both undernutrition and overnutrition. Malnutrition occurs when the body does not receive the proper balance of nutrients required for optimal health and functionality. This can manifest as various health issues, including stunted growth, weakened immune function, and increased susceptibility to disease.

While obesity, dehydration, and cardiovascular disease are significant health concerns, they are not directly the result of inadequate nutrient intake in the same way malnutrition is. Obesity typically arises from an excess of calories and unbalanced nutrient intake, while dehydration is primarily a result of inadequate fluid intake. Cardiovascular disease is influenced by numerous factors, including genetics, lifestyle, and dietary patterns over time, rather than solely the lack of essential nutrients. Thus, malnutrition directly correlates to inadequate nutrient supply, making it the most relevant choice in this context.